How to migrate from Standard Azure Virtual Machines to DS Series Storage Optimized VM’s

Background

We are implementing Azure solutions for a few clients. Most of our clients are use cloud services and virtual machines to implement their solutions on Azure platform. For many years Azure platform only offered just one performance tier for storage. You can see the sizes of virtual machines and cloud services and the disk performance they offer here:

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/azure/dn197896.aspx

For standard Azure virtual machines each disk is limited to 500 IOPS per disk. If you needed better performance you had to use disk striping with multiple disk to get better performance. Number of disks one could add to Azure Virtual Machine is constrained by the size of VM. One core allows us to add 2 VHD’s. Each VHD is a page blob with a maximum size of 1 TB. When we were deploying packaged software or custom applications with high IOPS requirements it was challenging to meet the needs of our customers. All this changed with the following announcement by Mark Russinovich where he announced General Availability of Azure Premium Storage.

http://azure.microsoft.com/blog/2015/04/16/azure-premium-storage-now-generally-available-2/

Azure premium storage offers durable SSD storage. Along with premium storage Microsoft also released storage optimized virtual machines called DS Series VM’s. These are capable of achieving up to 64000 IOPS and 524 MB/sec. This will enable many scenarios like NoSQL or even large SQL database that need higher IOPS than the standard Azure virtual machines offer. You can read about the specifications for DS Series VM’s in the link posted above. If you were using a standard Azure VM you can easily scale up or down to another standard virtual machine using Portal, PowerShell and Azure CLI. Unfortunately it is currently not possible to upgrade/migrate a standard Azure virtual machine to a DS Series virtual machine with premium storage. In this blog post I will show you how you can migrate an existing virtual machine to a DS’s series virtual machine with Premium(durable SSD) storage. It will provide a PowerShell script you can leverage to migrate a standard virtual machine to a DS Series virtual machine.

Details

Creating Premium Storage Account

Premium storage account is different than standard storage accounts. If you want to leverage premium storage you need to create a new storage account in the azure preview portal. Account type you need to select is “Premium Locally Redundant”

It is not possible to use the existing Azure management portal to provision premium storage account.

New Storage Account

Here is how you can use PowerShell cmdlet to create premium storage account. As you can see it is similar to how you create standard storage accounts. I was unable to find what value I had to specify for Type and I had to read the actual source code to determine that it was ‘Premium_LRS’

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$StorageAccountTypePremium = ‘Premium_LRS’$DestStorageAccount = New-AzureStorageAccount -StorageAccountName $DestStorageAccountName -Location $Location -Type $StorageAccountTypePremium -ErrorVariable errorVariable -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
if (!($?)) 
{ 
    throw “Cannot create the Storage Account [$DestStorageAccountName] on $Location. Error Detail: $errorVariable” 
} 

Premium storage and DS Series virtual machines are not available in all regions. The complete script I will provide validates your location preference and fails if you specify a location where premium storage and DS Series VM’s are not available.

Creating DS Series Virtual machine is identical to creating standard virtual machines.

Here are a few things I learned about DS Series Virtual machines and Premium storage.

Premium storage does not allow us to add disks smaller than 10 GB. If your VM has a disk smaller than 10 GB the script will fail
Default Host Caching option for Premium storage data disks is “Ready Only” as compared with “None” for standard data disks.
Default Host Caching option for Premium storage OS disk is “Read Write” which is same as standard OS disks
Currently this script only migrates virtual machines to the same subscription. It can be easily extended to support migration to different subscriptions.
It can migrate VM’s to a different region as long as premium storage is available in that region
It shuts down the existing source VM before making of copy of the VHD’s for the virtual machine.
It validates that virtual network for the destination VM exists but does not validate if subnet also exists
It gives new names to the disks in the destination virtual machine
Currently I am only copying disks, end points, VM extensions. I am not copying ACL’s and other type of extensions like malware extension
I only tested the script with PowerShell SDK Version 0.9.2
I tested migrating standard VM in West US to DS Series VM in West US only. I logged into the newly created VM and verified that all disks were present. This is the extent of my testing. My VM with 3 Disk’s copied in 10 minutes.
If your destination storage account already exists it has to be of type “Premium_LRS”. If you have an existing account of different type the script will fail. If the storage account does not exist it will be created.

Sample Script

You can access the entire source code from my public GitHub repository

https://github.com/rajinders/migrate-to-azuredsvm

I have also pasted the entire source code here for your convenience.

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<# 
Copyright 2015 Rajinder Singh 
 
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the “License”); 
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. 
You may obtain a copy of the License at 
 
    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 
 
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software 
distributed under the License is distributed on an “AS IS” BASIS, 
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. 
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and 
limitations under the License. 
#><# 
.SYNOPSIS 
Migrates an existing VM into a DS Series VM which uses Premium storage. 
 
.DESCRIPTION 
This script migrates an exitsing VM into a DS Series VM which uses Premium Storage. At this time DS Series VM’s are not available in all regions. 
It currently expects the VM to be migrated in the same subscription. It supports migrating VM to the same region or a different region. 
It can be easily extended to support migrating to a different subscription as well 
 
.PARAMETER SourceVMName 
The name of the VM that needs to be migrated 
 
.PARAMTER SourceServiceName 
The name of service for the old VM 
 
.PARAMETER DestVMName 
The name of New DS Series VM that will be created. 
 
.PARAMTER DestServiceName 
The name of the Service for the new VM 
 
.PARAMTER Location 
Region where new VM will be created 
 
.PARAMTER Size 
Size of the new VM 
 
.PARAMTER DestStorageAccountName 
Name of the storage account where the VM will be created. It has to be premium storage account 
 
.PARAMETER ResourceGroupName 
Resource group where the cache will be create 
 
.EXAMPLE 
 
# Migrate a standalone virtual machine to a DS Series virtual machine with Premium storage. Both the VM’s are in the same subscription 
.\MigrateVMToPremiumStorage.ps1 -SourceVMName “rajsourcevm2″ -SourceServiceName “rajsourcevm2″ -DestVMName “rajdsvm12″ -DestServiceName “rajdsvm12svc” -Location “West US” -VMSize Standard_DS2 -DestStorageAccountName ‘rajwestpremstg18′ -DestStorageAccountContainer ‘vhds’ 
 
 
# Migrate a standalone virtual machine to a DS Series virtual machine with Premium storage. Both the VM’s are in the same subscription 
.\MigrateVMToPremiumStorage.ps1 -SourceVMName “rajsourcevm2″ -SourceServiceName “rajsourcevm2″ -DestVMName “rajdsvm16″ -DestServiceName “rajdsvm16svc” -Location “West US” -VMSize Standard_DS2 -DestStorageAccountName ‘rajwestpremstg19′ -DestStorageAccountContainer ‘vhds’ -VNetName rajvnettest3 -SubnetName FrontEndSubnet 
 
#>
[CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName=“Default”)]
Param
(
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $SourceVMName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $SourceServiceName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $DestVMName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $DestServiceName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [ValidateSet(‘West US’,‘East US 2′,‘West Europe’,‘East China’,‘Southeast Asia’,‘West Japan’, ignorecase=$true)]
    [string] $Location,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [ValidateSet(‘Standard_DS1′,‘Standard_DS2′,‘Standard_DS3′,‘Standard_DS4′,‘Standard_DS11′,‘Standard_DS12′,‘Standard_DS13′,‘Standard_DS14′, ignorecase=$true)]
    [string] $VMSize,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $DestStorageAccountName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $true)]
    [string] $DestStorageAccountContainer,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $false)]
    [string] $VNetName,
    [Parameter (Mandatory = $false)]
    [string] $SubnetName
)
#publish version of the the powershell cmdlets we are using
(Get-Module Azure).Version
#$VerbosePreference = “Continue” 
$StorageAccountTypePremium = ‘Premium_LRS’
#############################################################################################################
#validation section
#Perform as much upfront validation as possible
#############################################################################################################
#validate upfront that this service we are trying to create already exists
if((Get-AzureService -ServiceName $DestServiceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -ne $null)
{
    Write-Error “Service [$DestServiceName] already exists”
    return
}
#Determine we are migrating the VM to a Virtual network. If it is then verify that VNET exists
if( !$VNetName -and !$SubnetName )
{
    $DeployToVNet = $false
}
else
{
    $DeployToVNet = $true
    $vnetSite = Get-AzureVNetSite -VNetName $VNetName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    if (!$vnetSite)
    {
        Write-Error “Virtual Network [$VNetName] does not exist”
        return
    }
}
Write-Host “DepoyToVNet is set to [$DeployToVnet]”
#TODO: add validation to make sure the destination VM size can accomodate the number of disk in the source VM
$DestStorageAccount = Get-AzureStorageAccount -StorageAccountName $DestStorageAccountName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
#check to see if the storage account exists and create a premium storage account if it does not exist
if(!$DestStorageAccount)
{
    # Create a new storage account
    Write-Output “”;
    Write-Output (“Configuring Destination Storage Account {0} in location {1}” -f $DestStorageAccountName, $Location);
    $DestStorageAccount = New-AzureStorageAccount -StorageAccountName $DestStorageAccountName -Location $Location -Type $StorageAccountTypePremium -ErrorVariable errorVariable -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | Out-Null
    if (!($?)) 
    { 
        throw “Cannot create the Storage Account [$DestStorageAccountName] on $Location. Error Detail: $errorVariable” 
    } 
    
    Write-Verbose “Created Destination Storage Account [$DestStorageAccountName] with AccountType of [$($DestStorageAccount.AccountType)]”     
}
else
{
    Write-Host “Destination Storage account [$DestStorageAccountName] already exists. Storage account type is [$($DestStorageAccount.AccountType)]”
    #make sure if the account already exists it is of type premium storage
    if( $DestStorageAccount.AccountType -ne $StorageAccountTypePremium )
    {
        Write-Error “Storage account [$DestStorageAccountName] account type of [$($DestStorageAccount.AccountType)] is invalid”
        return
    }
}
Write-Host “Source VM Name is [$SourceVMName] and Service Name is [$SourceServiceName]”
#Get VM Details
$SourceVM = Get-AzureVM -Name $SourceVMName -ServiceName $SourceServiceName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
if($SourceVM -eq $null)
{
    Write-Error “Unable to find Virtual Machine [$SourceServiceName] in Service Name [$SourceServiceName]”
    return
}
Write-Host “vm name is [$($SourceVM.Name)] and vm status is [$($SourceVM.Status)]”
#need to shutdown the existing VM before copying its disks.
if($SourceVM.Status -eq “ReadyRole”)
{
    Write-Host “Shutting down virtual machine [$SourceVMName]”
    #Shutdown the VM
    Stop-AzureVM -ServiceName $SourceServiceName -Name $SourceVMName -Force
}
$osdisk = $SourceVM | Get-AzureOSDisk
Write-Host “OS Disk name is $($osdisk.DiskName) and disk location is $($osdisk.MediaLink)”
$disk_configs = @{}
# Used to track disk copy status
$diskCopyStates = @()
##################################################################################################################
# Kicks off the async copy of VHDs
##################################################################################################################
# Copies to remote storage account
# Returns blob copy state to poll against
function StartCopyVHD($sourceDiskUri, $diskName, $OS, $destStorageAccountName, $destContainer)
{
    Write-Host “Destination Storage Account is [$destStorageAccountName], Destination Container is [$destContainer]”
    #extract the name of the source storage account from the URI of the VHD
    $sourceStorageAccountName = $sourceDiskUri.Host.Replace(“.blob.core.windows.net”, “”)
    
    $vhdName = $sourceDiskUri.Segments[$sourceDiskUri.Segments.Length – 1].Replace(“%20″,” “) 
    $sourceContainer = $sourceDiskUri.Segments[$sourceDiskUri.Segments.Length – 2].Replace(“/”, “”)
    $sourceStorageAccountKey = (Get-AzureStorageKey -StorageAccountName $sourceStorageAccountName).Primary
    $sourceContext = New-AzureStorageContext -StorageAccountName $sourceStorageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $sourceStorageAccountKey
    $destStorageAccountKey = (Get-AzureStorageKey -StorageAccountName $destStorageAccountName).Primary
    $destContext = New-AzureStorageContext -StorageAccountName $destStorageAccountName -StorageAccountKey $destStorageAccountKey
    if((Get-AzureStorageContainer -Name $destContainer -Context $destContext -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -eq $null)
    {
        New-AzureStorageContainer -Name $destContainer -Context $destContext | Out-Null
        while((Get-AzureStorageContainer -Name $destContainer -Context $destContext -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue) -eq $null)
        {
            Write-Host “Pausing to ensure container $destContainer is created..” -ForegroundColor Green
            Start-Sleep 15
        }
    }
    # Save for later disk registration 
    $destinationUri = “https://$destStorageAccountName.blob.core.windows.net/$destContainer/$vhdName”
    
    if($OS -eq $null)
    {
        $disk_configs.Add($diskName, “$destinationUri”)
    }
    else
    {
       $disk_configs.Add($diskName, “$destinationUri;$OS”)
    }
    #start async copy of the VHD. It will overwrite any existing VHD
    $copyState = Start-AzureStorageBlobCopy -SrcBlob $vhdName -SrcContainer $sourceContainer -SrcContext $sourceContext -DestContainer $destContainer -DestBlob $vhdName -DestContext $destContext -Force
    return $copyState
}
##################################################################################################################
# Tracks status of each blob copy and waits until all the blobs have been copied
##################################################################################################################
function TrackBlobCopyStatus()
{
    param($diskCopyStates)
    do
    {
        $copyComplete = $true
        Write-Host “Checking Disk Copy Status for VM Copy” -ForegroundColor Green
        foreach($diskCopy in $diskCopyStates)
        {
            $state = $diskCopy | Get-AzureStorageBlobCopyState | Format-Table -AutoSize -Property Status,BytesCopied,TotalBytes,Source
            if($state -ne “Success”)
            {
                $copyComplete = $true
                Write-Host “Current Status” -ForegroundColor Green
                $hideHeader = $false
                $inprogress = 0
                $complete = 0
                foreach($diskCopyTmp in $diskCopyStates)
                { 
                    $stateTmp = $diskCopyTmp | Get-AzureStorageBlobCopyState
                    $source = $stateTmp.Source
                    if($stateTmp.Status -eq “Success”)
                    {
                        Write-Host (($stateTmp | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders:$hideHeader -AutoSize -Property Status,BytesCopied,TotalBytes,Source | Out-String)) -ForegroundColor Green
                        $complete++
                    }
                    elseif(($stateTmp.Status -like “*failed*”) -or ($stateTmp.Status -like “*aborted*”))
                    {
                        Write-Error ($stateTmp | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders:$hideHeader -AutoSize -Property Status,BytesCopied,TotalBytes,Source | Out-String)
                        return $false
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Write-Host (($stateTmp | Format-Table -HideTableHeaders:$hideHeader -AutoSize -Property Status,BytesCopied,TotalBytes,Source | Out-String)) -ForegroundColor DarkYellow
                        $copyComplete = $false
                        $inprogress++
                    }
                    $hideHeader = $true
                }
                if($copyComplete -eq $false)
                {
                    Write-Host “$complete Blob Copies are completed with $inprogress that are still in progress.” -ForegroundColor Magenta
                    Write-Host “Pausing 60 seconds before next status check.” -ForegroundColor Green 
                    Start-Sleep 60
                }
                else
                {
                    Write-Host “Disk Copy Complete” -ForegroundColor Green
                    break 
                }
            }
        }
    } while($copyComplete -ne $true) 
    Write-Host “Successfully Copied up all Disks” -ForegroundColor Green
}
# Mark the start time of the script execution 
$startTime = Get-Date 
Write-Host “Destination storage account name is [$DestStorageAccountName]”
# Copy disks using the async API from the source URL to the destination storage account
$diskCopyStates += StartCopyVHD -sourceDiskUri $osdisk.MediaLink -destStorageAccount $DestStorageAccountName -destContainer $DestStorageAccountContainer -diskName $osdisk.DiskName -OS $osdisk.OS
# copy all the data disks
$SourceVM | Get-AzureDataDisk | foreach {
    Write-Host “Disk Name [$($_.DiskName)], Size is [$($_.LogicalDiskSizeInGB)]”
    #Premium storage does not allow disks smaller than 10 GB
    if( $_.LogicalDiskSizeInGB -lt 10 )
    {
        Write-Warning “Data Disk [$($_.DiskName)] with size [$($_.LogicalDiskSizeInGB) is less than 10GB so it cannnot be added” 
    }
    else
    {
        Write-Host “Destination storage account name is [$DestStorageAccountName]”
        $diskCopyStates += StartCopyVHD -sourceDiskUri $_.MediaLink -destStorageAccount $DestStorageAccountName -destContainer $DestStorageAccountContainer -diskName $_.DiskName
    }
}
#check that status of blob copy. This may take a while if you are doing cross region copies.
#even in the same region a 127 GB takes nearly 10 minutes
TrackBlobCopyStatus -diskCopyStates $diskCopyStates
# Mark the finish time of the script execution 
$finishTime = Get-Date 
 
# Output the time consumed in seconds 
$TotalTime = ($finishTime – $startTime).TotalSeconds 
Write-Host “The disk copies completed in $TotalTime seconds.” -ForegroundColor Green
Write-Host “Registering Copied Disk” -ForegroundColor Green
$luncount = 0   # used to generate unique lun value for data disks
$index = 0  # used to generate unique disk names
$OSDisk = $null
$datadisk_details = @{}
foreach($diskName in $disk_configs.Keys)
{
    $index = $index + 1
    $diskConfig = $disk_configs[$diskName].Split(“;”)
    #since we are using the same subscription we need to update the diskName for it to be unique
    $newDiskName = “$DestVMName” + “-disk-“ + $index
    Write-Host “Adding disk [$newDiskName]”
    #check to see if this disk already exists
    $azureDisk = Get-AzureDisk -DiskName $newDiskName -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
    if(!$azureDisk)
    {
        if($diskConfig.Length -gt 1)
        {
           Write-Host “Adding OS disk [$newDiskName] -OS [$diskConfig[1]] -MediaLocation [$diskConfig[0]]”
           #Expect OS Disk to be the first disk in the array
           $OSDisk = Add-AzureDisk -DiskName $newDiskName -OS $diskConfig[1] -MediaLocation $diskConfig[0]
           $vmconfig = New-AzureVMConfig -Name $DestVMName -InstanceSize $VMSize -DiskName $OSDisk.DiskName  
        }
        else
        {
            Write-Host “Adding Data disk [$newDiskName] -MediaLocation [$diskConfig[0]]”
            Add-AzureDisk -DiskName $newDiskName -MediaLocation $diskConfig[0]
            $datadisk_details[$luncount] = $newDiskName
            $luncount = $luncount + 1   
        }
    }
    else
    {
        Write-Error “Unable to add Azure Disk [$newDiskName] as it already exists”
        Write-Error “You can use Remove-AzureDisk -DiskName $newDiskName to remove the old disk”
        return
    }
}
#add all the data disks to the VM configuration
foreach($lun in $datadisk_details.Keys)
{
    $datadisk_name = $datadisk_details[$lun]
    Write-Host “Adding data disk [$datadisk_name] to the VM configuration”
    $vmconfig | Add-AzureDataDisk -Import -DiskName $datadisk_name  -LUN $lun
}
#read all the end points in the source VM and create them in the destination VM
#NOTE: I don’t copy ACL’s yet. I need to add this.
$SourceVM | get-azureendpoint | foreach {
    if($_.LBSetName -eq $null)
    {
        write-Host “Name is [$($_.Name)], Port is [$($_.Port)], LocalPort is [$($_.LocalPort)], Protocol is [$($_.Protocol)], EnableDirectServerReturn is [$($_.EnableDirectServerReturn)]]”
        $vmconfig | Add-AzureEndpoint -Name $_.Name -LocalPort $_.LocalPort -PublicPort $_.Port -Protocol $_.Protocol -DirectServerReturn $_.EnableDirectServerReturn
    }
    else
    {
        write-Host “Name is [$($_.Name)], Port is [$($_.Port)], LocalPort is [$($_.LocalPort)], Protocol is [$($_.Protocol)], EnableDirectServerReturn is [$($_.EnableDirectServerReturn)], LBSetName is [$($_.LBSetName)]”        
        $vmconfig | Add-AzureEndpoint -Name $_.Name -LocalPort $_.LocalPort -PublicPort $_.Port -Protocol $_.Protocol -DirectServerReturn $_.EnableDirectServerReturn -LBSetName $_.LBSetName -DefaultProbe
    }
}
# 
if( $DeployToVnet )
{
    Write-Host “Virtual Network Name is [$VNetName] and Subnet Name is [$SubnetName]” 
    $vmconfig | Set-AzureSubnet -SubnetNames $SubnetName
    $vmconfig | New-AzureVM -ServiceName $DestServiceName -VNetName $VNetName -Location $Location
}
else
{
    #Creating the virtual machine
    $vmconfig | New-AzureVM -ServiceName $DestServiceName -Location $Location
}
#get any vm extensions
#there may be other types of extensions that be in the source vm. I don’t copy them yet 
$SourceVM | get-azurevmextension | foreach {
    Write-Host “ExtensionName [$($_.ExtensionName)] Publisher [$($_.Publisher)] Version [$($_.Version)] ReferenceName [$($_.ReferenceName)] State [$($_.State)] RoleName [$($_.RoleName)]”
    get-azurevm -ServiceName $DestServiceName -Name $DestVMName -Verbose | set-azurevmextension -ExtensionName $_.ExtensionName -Publisher $_.Publisher -Version $_.Version -ReferenceName $_.ReferenceName -Verbose | Update-azurevm -Verbose
} 

Conclusion

I had to look at many different code samples as well as MSDN documentation to create this script. I am grateful to all the open source samples folks are contributing and this is my way of giving back to the Azure community. If you have questions and/or features requests drop me a line and I will do what I can to help.

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